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1 Sir John and Lady Smith
Общая лексика: сэр Джон и леди СмитУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Sir John and Lady Smith
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2 sir
sir [sɜ:r]monsieur m• yes sir oui, Monsieur ; (to officer in army, navy, air force) oui, mon commandant (or mon lieutenant etc)* * *[sɜː(r)]1) ( form of address) Monsieuryes sir — gen oui, Monsieur; ( to president) oui, Monsieur le président; ( to headmaster) oui, Monsieur le directeur; Military oui, mon commandant or mon lieutenant etc
2) GB3) (colloq) US ( emphatic)yes/no sir — ça oui/non! (colloq)
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3 sir
[sə(r)]nuprzejma forma zwracania się do mężczyzn, zwłaszcza w sytuacjach formalnychwhat would you like, sir? — czego Pan sobie życzy?
yes, sir — tak, proszę Pana ( MIL) tak jest
* * *[sə:]1) (a polite form of address (spoken or written) to a man: Excuse me, sir!; He started his letter `Dear Sirs,...'.) Proszę Pana, (Szanowny) Panie2) (in the United Kingdom, the title of a knight or baronet: Sir Francis Drake.) (tytuł szlachecki) -
4 sir
1. n сэр, сударьaye, sir! — есть, сэр!
did you speak, sir? — вы что-то сказали, сэр?
2. n рыцарь или баронет3. v величать сэром, господиномSir, can you tell, where he bestows himself — скажите, сэр, где он остановился
Синонимический ряд:gentleman (noun) aristocrat; blue blood; brick; cavalier; don; esquire; gentleman; patrician; sire -
5 sir
aye, sir! — есть, сэр!
did you speak, sir? — вы что-то сказали, сэр?
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6 sir
sə: (полная форма) ;
(редуцированная форма)
1. сущ.
1) сэр, господин, сударь( вежливое обращение) dear sir ≈ милостивый государь sir Roger de Coverley ≈ старинный английский танец
2) сэр (перед именем обозначает титул рыцаря или баронета) Sir John ≈ сэр Джон
2. гл. величать сэром сэр, сударь (обращение) - yes * да, сэр (почтительный ответ) ;
(военное) так точно, слушаюсь, сэр - Sirs ( коммерческое) господа (письменное обращение к фирме, учреждению) (S.) рыцарь или баронет (титул перед именем) - S. Charles Anderson сэр Чарльз Андерсон - S. William Smith, Bart. сэр Уильям Смит, баронет величать сэром, господином -
7 Smith, John
(1579?-1631) Смит, ДжонВоенный, исследователь. Основатель колонии Вирджиния [ Virginia Colony] (1607) и ее первый летописец, один из основателей Джеймстауна [ Jamestown], первого постоянного английского поселения на американской земле. В мае 1607 среди первых 105 поселенцев высадился в Америке. В декабре 1607, обследуя местность у р. Чикахомини [Chickahominy River], был захвачен индейцами-алгонкинами [ Algonquian] в плен. От смерти его спасла тринадцатилетняя дочь вождя Покахонтас [ Pocahontas]. Осенью 1608 Смит был избран председателем колониального совета Вирджинии; на этом посту он буквально спас поселенцев от голода, договорившись с индейцами о покупке у них кукурузы. В 1614 обследовал и нанес на карты побережье, которому дал название Новая Англия [ New England]. Автор многочисленных сочинений (публицистика, мемуары). Его "Правдивый рассказ о событиях в Вирджинии" ["A True Relation of Virginia"] - первая работа об Америке на английском языке, написанная в Америке. Среди других известных работ: "Карта Вирджинии" ["Map of Virginia"] (1612), "Описание Новой Англии" ["A Description of New England"] (1616), "Общая история Вирджинии, Новой Англии и Летних островов" ["General Historie of Virginia, New England and the Summer Isles"] (1624). Summer Isles - Летние острова (ныне Бермудские острова) - искаженное название группы островов, где в 1609 потерпел кораблекрушение капитан Сомерс [Somers, Sir John]. Открытые еще в 1500-е испанцем Бермудесом, острова некоторое время носили имя Сомерса - "Somers Islands"English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Smith, John
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8 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, Englandd. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England[br]English inventor of the screw propeller.[br]Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1871.Further ReadingObituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.LRDBiographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
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9 hopping John
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10 Ericsson, John
[br]b. 31 July 1803 Farnebo, Swedend. 8 March 1899 New York, USA[br]Swedish (naturalized American 1848) engineer and inventor.[br]The son of a mine owner and inspector, Ericsson's first education was private and haphazard. War with Russia disrupted the mines and the father secured a position on the Gotha Canal, then under construction. He enrolled John, then aged 13, and another son as cadets in a corps of military engineers engaged on the canal. There John was given a sound education and training in the physical sciences and engineering. At the age of 17 he decided to enlist in the Army, and on receiving a commission he was drafted to cartographic survey duties. After some years he decided that a career outside the Army offered him the best opportunities, and in 1826 he moved to London to pursue a career of mechanical invention.Ericsson first developed a heat (external combustion) engine, which proved unsuccessful. Three years later he designed and constructed the steam locomotive Novelty, which he entered in the Rainhill locomotive trials on the new Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. The engine began by performing promisingly, but it later broke down and failed to complete the test runs. Later he devised a self-regulating lead (1835) and then, more important and successful, he invented the screw propeller, patented in 1835 and installed in his first screw-propelled ship of 1839. This work was carried out independently of Sir Francis Pettit Smith, who contemporaneously developed a four-bladed propeller that was adopted by the British Admiralty. Ericsson saw that with screw propulsion the engine could be below the waterline, a distinct advantage in warships. He crossed the Atlantic to interest the American government in his ideas and became a naturalized citizen in 1848. He pioneered the gun turret for mounting heavy guns on board ship. Ericsson came into his own during the American Civil War, with the construction of the epoch-making warship Monitor, a screw-propelled ironclad with gun turret. This vessel demonstrated its powers in a signal victory at Hampton Roads on 9 March 1862.Ericsson continued to design warships and torpedoes, pointing out to President Lincoln that success in war would now depend on technological rather than numerical superiority. Meanwhile he continued to pursue his interest in heat engines, and from 1870 to 1888 he spent much of his time and resources in pursuing research into alternative energy sources, such as solar power, gravitation and tidal forces.[br]Further ReadingW.C.Church, 1891, Life of John Ericsson, 2 vols, London.LRD -
11 Abel, Sir Frederick August
[br]b. 17 July 1827 Woolwich, London, Englandd. 6 September 1902 Westminster, London, England[br]English chemist, co-inventor of cordite find explosives expert.[br]His family came from Germany and he was the son of a music master. He first became interested in science at the age of 14, when visiting his mineralogist uncle in Hamburg, and studied chemistry at the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London. In 1845 he became one of the twenty-six founding students, under A.W.von Hofmann, of the Royal College of Chemistry. Such was his aptitude for the subject that within two years he became von Hermann's assistant and demonstrator. In 1851 Abel was appointed Lecturer in Chemistry, succeeding Michael Faraday, at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and it was while there that he wrote his Handbook of Chemistry, which was co-authored by his assistant, Charles Bloxam.Abel's four years at the Royal Military Academy served to foster his interest in explosives, but it was during his thirty-four years, beginning in 1854, as Ordnance Chemist at the Royal Arsenal and at Woolwich that he consolidated and developed his reputation as one of the international leaders in his field. In 1860 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, but it was his studies during the 1870s into the chemical changes that occur during explosions, and which were the subject of numerous papers, that formed the backbone of his work. It was he who established the means of storing gun-cotton without the danger of spontaneous explosion, but he also developed devices (the Abel Open Test and Close Test) for measuring the flashpoint of petroleum. He also became interested in metal alloys, carrying out much useful work on their composition. A further avenue of research occurred in 1881 when he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission set up to investigate safety in mines after the explosion that year in the Sealham Colliery. His resultant study on dangerous dusts did much to further understanding on the use of explosives underground and to improve the safety record of the coal-mining industry. The achievement for which he is most remembered, however, came in 1889, when, in conjunction with Sir James Dewar, he invented cordite. This stable explosive, made of wood fibre, nitric acid and glycerine, had the vital advantage of being a "smokeless powder", which meant that, unlike the traditional ammunition propellant, gunpowder ("black powder"), the firer's position was not given away when the weapon was discharged. Although much of the preliminary work had been done by the Frenchman Paul Vieille, it was Abel who perfected it, with the result that cordite quickly became the British Army's standard explosive.Abel married, and was widowed, twice. He had no children, but died heaped in both scientific honours and those from a grateful country.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGrand Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1901. Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath 1891 (Commander 1877). Knighted 1883. Created Baronet 1893. FRS 1860. President, Chemical Society 1875–7. President, Institute of Chemistry 1881–2. President, Institute of Electrical Engineers 1883. President, Iron and Steel Institute 1891. Chairman, Society of Arts 1883–4. Telford Medal 1878, Royal Society Royal Medal 1887, Albert Medal (Society of Arts) 1891, Bessemer Gold Medal 1897. Hon. DCL (Oxon.) 1883, Hon. DSc (Cantab.) 1888.Bibliography1854, with C.L.Bloxam, Handbook of Chemistry: Theoretical, Practical and Technical, London: John Churchill; 2nd edn 1858.Besides writing numerous scientific papers, he also contributed several articles to The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1875–89, 9th edn.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, 1912, Vol. 1, Suppl. 2, London: Smith, Elder.CMBiographical history of technology > Abel, Sir Frederick August
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12 knighthood
knight·hood [ʼnaɪthʊd] nRitterstand m;¿ Kultur?In Großbritannien werden Leute, die sich mit außerordentlichen Leistungen um das Land verdient gemacht haben, in den knighthood - Adelsstand erhoben und erhalten den Titel Sir vor ihrem Namen, z.B. Sir John Smith (Anrede: „Sir John“). Die Frau eines Sir hat den Titel Lady, z.B. Lady Smith (und man würde sie auch so anreden). Zusammen hießen sie Sir John and Lady Smith. Seit 1917 ist es auch für eine Frau möglich, den Titel Dame für Verdienste um das Land zu erhalten; z.B. Dame Mary Smith (Anrede: „Dame Mary“). -
13 джон смит
ура Смиту!, да здравствует Смит! — hey for Smith!
говорит Смит, Смит у телефона — Smith speaking
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14 смит
ура Смиту!, да здравствует Смит! — hey for Smith!
говорит Смит, Смит у телефона — Smith speaking
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15 сэр
есть, сэр! — aye, sir!
вы что-то сказали, сэр? — did you speak, sir?
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16 Ports and shipping
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Armstrong, Sir William GeorgeEgerton, FrancisLi GaoPeter the GreatShen GuaStanhope, Charles -
17 Civil engineering
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18 Medical technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Chamberlen, Peter (the elder)Fabricius, HieronymusLister, JosephMarton, Ladislaus -
19 Textiles
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Dore, Samuel GriswoldHeilmann, JosuéLevers, JohnLister, Samuel CunliffeMa JunSong Yingxing -
20 Electricity
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